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What Type of Soil Is in Chicago, IL (60601)?

Soil Profile

Clay Loam soil
Soil Type Clay Loam
Soil Series Ashkum
pH Range 6.2 - 7.0 (Near Neutral)
Drainage Poorly Drained
Organic Matter 0.0% (Very Low)
Water Holding Capacity 0.19 in/in (High)
USDA Zone Zone 5b (min -15°F)
Hydrologic Group C/D

What This Means for Your Garden

The dominant soil in Chicago, IL is Clay Loam soil. Clay soils are known for being heavy and dense. They hold nutrients and moisture well, which is great for plants during dry spells, but they can become waterlogged after heavy rain. Working organic matter into clay soil helps improve its structure and drainage over time.

The pH in your area ranges from 6.2 - 7.0, which is classified as Near Neutral. This near-neutral range is ideal for most garden plants, including tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, and the majority of common vegetables and flowers.

Your USDA hardiness zone is 5b, meaning winter lows can reach around -15 degrees Fahrenheit. This determines which perennials, trees, and shrubs will survive winter in your area. Check the plant recommendations below for varieties suited to both your soil and climate.

Best Plants for Your Soil & Zone

These plants thrive in Clay Loam soil and USDA zone 5b.

Vegetables

Tomato Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1-2 inches/week Spacing: 24-36 inches
Beans (Green/Snap) Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1 inch/week Spacing: 4-6 inches (bush), 6-8 inches (pole)
Peas Sun: Full sun to partial shade (4-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1 inch/week Spacing: 2-4 inches
Squash (Summer/Winter) Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1-2 inches/week Spacing: 36-60 inches
Broccoli Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1-1.5 inches/week Spacing: 18-24 inches
Cabbage Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1-1.5 inches/week Spacing: 18-24 inches
Corn (Sweet) Sun: Full sun (8+ hours) Water: Regular, 1.5-2 inches/week; critical at tasseling Spacing: 12-15 inches in blocks
Spinach Sun: Full sun to partial shade (4-6 hours) Water: Regular, 1-1.5 inches/week Spacing: 4-6 inches
Kale Sun: Full sun to partial shade (4-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1-1.5 inches/week Spacing: 18-24 inches
Cauliflower Sun: Full sun (6+ hours) Water: Regular, 1-2 inches/week; consistent moisture critical Spacing: 18-24 inches
Zucchini Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1-2 inches/week Spacing: 36-48 inches
Pumpkin Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1-2 inches/week; reduce near harvest Spacing: 60-96 inches
See all Vegetables for Clay Loam soil →

Fruits

Apple Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1 inch/week; deep watering preferred Spacing: 15-25 feet (standard), 6-10 feet (dwarf)
Pear Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1 inch/week Spacing: 15-20 feet (standard), 8-12 feet (dwarf)
Plum Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1 inch/week Spacing: 15-20 feet (standard), 8-12 feet (dwarf)
See all Fruits for Clay Loam soil →

Flowers

Rose Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1-2 inches/week; deep watering preferred Spacing: 24-48 inches
Sunflower Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Moderate, 1 inch/week; drought tolerant once established Spacing: 12-24 inches
Marigold Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Moderate, 1 inch/week Spacing: 8-18 inches
Daffodil Sun: Full sun to partial shade (4-8 hours) Water: Moderate during growth; dry during dormancy Spacing: 4-6 inches
Hydrangea Sun: Partial shade to full sun (4-6 hours) Water: Regular, 1-2 inches/week; moisture loving Spacing: 36-60 inches
Coneflower (Echinacea) Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Low to moderate; drought tolerant once established Spacing: 18-24 inches
Black-Eyed Susan Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Low to moderate; very drought tolerant Spacing: 18-24 inches
Peony Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1 inch/week Spacing: 36-48 inches
Iris Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Low to moderate; good drainage essential Spacing: 12-24 inches
See all Flowers for Clay Loam soil →

Herbs

Mint Sun: Partial shade to full sun (3-6 hours) Water: Regular, 1-2 inches/week; moisture loving Spacing: 18-24 inches (container recommended)
Chives Sun: Full sun to partial shade (4-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1 inch/week Spacing: 8-12 inches
See all Herbs for Clay Loam soil →

Trees

Oak Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Moderate; drought tolerant once established Spacing: 30-50 feet
Maple Sun: Full sun to partial shade (4-8 hours) Water: Regular; consistent moisture preferred Spacing: 25-45 feet
Cedar Sun: Full sun to partial shade (4-8 hours) Water: Moderate; tolerates drought once established Spacing: 15-30 feet
Magnolia Sun: Full sun to partial shade (4-8 hours) Water: Regular; consistent moisture preferred Spacing: 20-40 feet
Willow Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Heavy; thrives near water sources Spacing: 30-50 feet
Elm Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Moderate; tolerates some drought Spacing: 40-60 feet
Apple Tree Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1-2 inches/week Spacing: 15-25 feet (standard), 6-10 feet (dwarf)
Pear Tree Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1 inch/week Spacing: 15-20 feet (standard), 8-12 feet (dwarf)
Walnut Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Regular; deep roots access groundwater Spacing: 40-60 feet
Cypress (Bald) Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Heavy; tolerates standing water and flooding Spacing: 30-50 feet
See all Trees for Clay Loam soil →

Shrubs

Boxwood Sun: Partial shade to full sun (4-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1 inch/week; consistent moisture Spacing: 24-48 inches
Holly Sun: Full sun to partial shade (4-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1 inch/week Spacing: 36-72 inches
Lilac Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Moderate; drought tolerant once established Spacing: 60-96 inches
Hydrangea Sun: Partial shade to full sun (4-6 hours) Water: Regular, 1-2 inches/week; moisture loving Spacing: 36-72 inches
Forsythia Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Moderate; tolerates some drought Spacing: 48-72 inches
Privet Sun: Full sun to partial shade (4-8 hours) Water: Moderate; tolerates drought once established Spacing: 24-48 inches (hedge), 60-96 inches (specimen)
Viburnum Sun: Full sun to partial shade (4-8 hours) Water: Regular, 1 inch/week Spacing: 48-96 inches
Barberry Sun: Full sun to partial shade (4-8 hours) Water: Low to moderate; drought tolerant Spacing: 36-60 inches
Spirea Sun: Full sun (6-8 hours) Water: Moderate; tolerates some drought Spacing: 36-60 inches
See all Shrubs for Clay Loam soil →

How to Improve Your Soil

Here are the top amendments recommended for Clay Loam soil:

  • Compost — Improves drainage and loosens the clay fraction
  • Gypsum — Helps separate clay particles for better drainage
  • Coarse Bark Mulch — Prevents compaction from rain impact and adds organic matter
  • Green Manure (Winter Rye) — Root systems break up compacted layers
Full amendment guide for Clay Loam soil →

Nearby Areas

Frequently Asked Questions

What type of soil is in Chicago, IL (60601)?

60601 has Clay Loam soil based on USDA soil survey data. It is poorly drained with a pH range of 6.2 - 7.0.

What USDA hardiness zone is 60601?

Chicago, IL (60601) is in USDA hardiness zone 5b, with minimum winter temperatures around -15 degrees Fahrenheit.

What grows well in Clay Loam soil?

Clay Loam soil works well for many common garden plants. Check the plant recommendations section above for vegetables, flowers, herbs, and trees that thrive in this soil type and zone 5b.

How do I improve Clay Loam soil for gardening?

The best approach is to add organic matter such as compost, aged manure, or leaf mold. See our full amendment guide for Clay Loam soil for step-by-step instructions.

Where does this soil data come from?

All soil data on MySoilType comes from the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Web Soil Survey, the most comprehensive source of soil information in the United States.